Development of Nude Photography Essay

The paper endeavors to basically look at, though quickly, the effects of socio-social structures in the advancement of bare photography as an artistic expression. It features the wide examination of Asian and Western naked photography by exhibiting some driving picture takers gaining practical experience in nudist photos. The activities of the accepted practices and cultural structures, incorporating moderate state mechanical assemblies in certain societies, will likewise be quickly delineated the extent that they influence the structure and substance of works of the separate craftsman picture takers. A. Improvement of bare photography across social partition and time Naked photography is a particular part of workmanship photography utilizing people in still situation as subjects. Larger part of workmanship pundits hold the predominant view that bare photography examines the human body and not the individual. The last relates to representation photography, which is a fundamentally unique structure. As will be represented later, this prevailing perspective is as a rule persistently tested, remarkably Araki Nobuyoshi, a questionable and exceptionally productive Japanese picture taker. Naked photography is unique from sensual photography, which is really reminiscent of suggestive and sexual substance. Despite the fact that there are built up rules in separating one from the other, an assessment of whether a photo is a substantial nudist photograph or an obscene material remains generally with the watcher. Increasingly liberal and forceful photograph styles and methods obscure further the effectively slender isolating line among craftsmanship and sex entertainment. Bare photography didn't create as one single development. It started as independent changes in singular inclinations of different outstanding picture takers, especially in the mid twentieth century. Nakedness, nonetheless, has been a most loved subject of canvases and figure, broadly starting with old style Greek models and Renaissance compositions. In fact, craftsman picture takers in Western nations were the first to investigate the utilization of bare ladies as subject, owing to a great extent to increasingly liberal environment contrasted with their Asian partners. A portion of the main initiators of the new photography fine art were Felix-Jacques Moulin, Edward Weston, Ruth Bernhard and Jerry Avenaim. Asian bare photography created though later than its Western partners. Preservationist mores and prohibitive culture hindered smoother and quicker advancement of nakedness as both a work of art and substance. Social orders that were to a great extent directed by profoundly formal familial structure didn't give the perfect condition to the fast improvement of naked photography. Such circumstance can be seen in an unexpected way, in any case. From one perspective, the prohibitive climate disheartened many promising proficient picture takers in investigating the utilization of naked subjects, dreadful of being dismissed by the general public and alienated in the craftsmanship network. Since the majority of the photographs were included in neighborhood photograph shows, they took the restricted type of distribution, permitting the legislature to practice earlier limitation measures, for example, control. The instance of Nobuyoshi is especially intriguing, in light of the fact that no not exactly the strict physical may of the Japanese government, as far as anyone knows as a vault of open intrigue and government assistance, denied the display and distribution of a portion of his generally dubious works of art. Then again, the prior social limitations on nudist workmanship photography accidentally gave additionally a decent rearing ground for disobedience, with shifting results. Nobuyoshi, beside being a profoundly productive picture taker, developed as a questionable open figure due to his experimentation of nudist photographs, here and there including sado-masochistic substance and solid visual symbolism of the human genitalia. Broadening the restrictions of the general public is as yet a ground-breaking weapon of the abused. Monetary improvement likewise came a lot later among nations in Asia. The greater part of these nations experienced socio-political changes as they strived to liberate themselves from pilgrim servitude. They additionally battled in the end crushing whatever residual post-pilgrim structures constrained by neighborhood elites who supplanted their past pioneer experts. Workmanship, when all is said in done, was only one of the devices utilized by the individuals who needed to change their social orders. Photography, alongside other visual expressions, is a ground-breaking medium that could adequately build the power of the message reformists need to implant in the open mind. One investigation led by Willem van Schendel of the University of Amsterdam and International Institute of Social History is especially edifying. The examination included a minority indigenous gathering in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, a region in Bangladesh. The investigation uncovers how photography was used as an intense device against the restricted provincial invasion by more monetarily prevailing Bangladeshi areas and citiesâ€a dismal token of the country’s pioneer history. It additionally exhibits the unfavorable effects of what Schendel calls as â€Å"enforced nudity†. B. Edward Weston and other driving Western bare picture takers Edward Weston was an American photographic artist conceived towards the finish of the nineteenth century. He was conceived when the craftsman network began restoring the Renaissance social inheritance and arrived at the apex of his profession as a craftsman picture taker when the supposed â€Å"Sexual Revolution† was gradually starting to attack the United States. Weston began investigating photography as an immature utilizing a camera given to him by his dad. Albeit conceived of a family with a generally solid scholarly convention, he excused the ethicalness of finishing formal training and started focusing on photography and investigating different procedures that in the long run drove him to acclaim. At the point when Weston was setting out on his photography vocation, the overarching craftsmanship class was pictorialism. Pictorialist photography is described by the concealment of better subtleties through photograph control. A few people called it as the theoretical artwork form of photography. Photography at that point was not considered carefully as an artistic expression, in contrast to the run of the mill canvases and figures. Spearheading craftsman picture takers needed to imitate the artistic creation as a real work of art, consequently the control of the photograph yields to impersonate theoretical compositions. Pictorialism was basically utilized as a basic vehicle in the possible acknowledgment of photography as a substantial workmanship. The main figure in the said craftsmanship development was Alfred Stieglitz, outstandingly beginning with his Camera Work distribution from 1913-1917. Weston in the end relinquished Pictorialism for straight photography. Along with other outstanding partners, for example, Ansel Adams and William Van Dyke, Weston established the Group f/64, at that point at first made out of seven twentieth century-picture takers situated in San Francisco, US. The gathering needed to offer an elective worldview, utilizing unadulterated and perfectionist variant of photographs, with subjects generally restricted to those normally existing items. Western bare picture takers were generally not unfavorably influenced by socio-political changes experienced then in less created social orders the world over. They appreciated progressively liberal air, permitting them more extensive expansiveness to investigate strange and increasingly disputable subjects. One explicit issue, be that as it may, nagged Weston, specifically. When he was gradually constructing his growing vocation, he was generally found separated from his kindred picture takers, for the most part living and showing in New York and different zones in the east coast. Around then, Weston was living in California. Photograph propagation was then still a creating innovation, for the most part depending on photograph layouts that necessary more prominent undertaking in repeating them. The condition of innovation and his physical area gave the rich ground to the improvement of his one of a kind thoughts on photography. To a limited degree, Weston is considered by craftsmanship history specialists as the essential forerunner of idealist naked photography in the United States. C. Araki Nobuyoshi quickly exhibited Nobuyoshi is a main and profoundly questionable Japanese picture taker conceived in 1940 in Tokyo. He began his enthusiasm in photography when he was utilized by Dentsu, Inc. , a promoting organization. Before long, he set out on a progressively autonomous profession way, submitting larger part of his attempts to driving magazines and different distributions in Japan. Nobuyoshi is an apparently intriguing case. Regardless of living in a much-created nation contrasted with Japan’s neighboring nations in Asia, he was not absolved from the prohibitive government controlling arms, to a great extent affected by the prevailing socio-social and good precepts. Actually, as later as 1992, cops attacked a photograph exhibition where his renowned book by Nobuyoshi, entitled â€Å"Erotos†, was being sold. Police work force captured different individuals behind the occasion on vulgarity grounds. A year sooner, he was hit with a 300,000-yen fine on account of suggestive photographs in a photograph show named â€Å"Photo-insane person Diary†. As an unmistakable difference to the severe state restriction of his works in Japan, â€Å"Erotos† was broadly acclaimed in Western nations, with the book’s Austrian distributer communicating stun and express disillusionment. Weston and Nobuyoshi share one explicit photograph style. Dissimilar to most other naked picture takers who stay concentrated on the body shape and not the individual as the predominant subject, Weston and Nobuyoshi took numerous photographs delineating even obviously indicating the human face. It was a significant takeoff from the predominant and increasingly cautious strategy that gives lesser accentuation on the human face, conscious of the hazy line isolating bare photography and sex entertainment. Nobuyoshi went significantly further by taking endless photographs of the human genitalia, clarifying to a great extent why he is both cherished and abhorred by workmanship pundits in his own nation. End As clarified before, the development of naked photography as another genuine fine art didn't come to fruition as an abrupt blast of insubordination aga

Discussion 2.1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conversation 2.1 - Essay Example For successful anticipating such vulnerabilities both positive and negative, we should in particular comprehend our condition and its augmentations. These incorporate the groups of friends, mental space, social, just to make reference to however a couple. In arranging, a solid and steady model is possibly accomplished when the character of an individual is placed into incredible thought. This accompanies essential builds which should plainly be comprehended. For example, an individual’s endeavors may regularly be directed by taste, yet in the event that this is the pattern, at that point at last equalization would miss. This is to state that one’s passionate wants shouldn’t exclusively direct every future endeavor they decided to stay in (Kimberly and Margie 2001). Time is a huge parameter when anticipating the life’s surprising occasions. For example, went up against by the costs of a family to deal with, one would need to adjust between their occasions for limit working; in of case they that might be aiming to bounce the expert stepping stool. Without fixing the needs, a parity may miss in settling family issues just as taking care of individual worries that correspondingly sum to regard (Kimberly and Margie

Essay on Biography of Barak Obama Free Essays

string(223) to get to nonstop instructive open doors over the Internet and give an important discussion to our individuals/specialists to trade perspectives and tap into the aptitude of their associates and individual olleagues around the world. Research Front Arnab B Chowdhury †Founder and Knowledge Architect, Ninad Consultancy Services www. ninad. in, arnab@ninad. We will compose a custom paper test on Paper on Biography of Barak Obama or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now in When Technology Meets Health Care in Knowledge Society†¦ Aurosiksha: web based learning stage for visual deficiency anticipation laborers â€Å"Intelligence and capacity are insufficient. There must likewise be the delight of accomplishing something excellent. Being of administration to God and humankind implies working out in a good way past the advancement of the best innovation, to the unassuming showing of graciousness and sympathy to every patient. † †Dr. G Venkataswamy (Founder Chairman †Aravind Eye Care System) Abstract: This contextual analysis (www. urosiksha. organization) is around two extraordinary developments one in Technology (the FOSS) and the other in Health Care †the Aravind Eye Care Systems (AECS) and LAICO that trains visual impairment counteraction laborers. At the con? uence of the two is an eLearning stage called Aurosiksha, which depends on Moodle. Aurosiksha tries to connect with the worldwide client, share its rich information b ase, and in the process make a network of deep rooted students. Watchwords: FOSS, ICT, LMS, MOODLE, mLearning, Mobile Moodle, AECS, Aravind, Aravind Eye Care System, Vision 2020, WHO, LAICO, Aurosiksha, eLearning Platform, information society, ocial human services. Presentation As we as a whole know, the Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) development started as a maverick call to what was felt to be expanding limitations on community advancement, conveyance, and responsibility for. Free programming centers around the philosophical opportunities (a matter of freedom as opposed to value) it provides for clients, though open-source programming centers around the apparent qualities of its friend topeer advancement model. Receptiveness, coownership, and straightforward joint effort keep on driving the FOSS development. Advancement, modi? cation, proprietorship, and redistribution of programming could now e firmly oversaw by networks of similar engineers. This likewise prompted a transf ormative model of copyright and authorizing (GPL) guaranteeing network proprietorship. The FOSS development has advanced from the phases of reasoning and permitting into a mind boggling and sober minded environment for programming creation and appropriation bene? ting mankind internationally. FOSS has presented mechanical confidence, proficient use and sharing of assets, and C SI Communications | June 2012 | 12 cooperative innovationâ and improvement. Probably the most signi? cant territories where the FOSS development has gained ground is in the ?eld of instruction. During the previous decade, instruction has been quickly rearranged to use data and correspondence innovation (ICT) inside the exemplary educating getting the hang of surveying cycle. At the establishment of FOSS is a craving for an evenhanded and open model of access to information. In the event that one of the points of FOSS innovations is dispersal of instructive substance, at that point Aurosiksha is an a valid example. The Case Aurosiksha is a web based learning the executives framework (LMS). An activity propelled as of late (25th July, 2011) in its beta form by Lions Aravind Institute of Community Ophthalmology (LAICO), set up in 1992 with the help of he Lions Club International, SightFirst Program, and Seva Sight Program. LAICO is Asia’s ? rst worldwide preparing office for the wide scope of visual impairment counteraction laborers from India and different pieces of the world. It contributes in improving the nature of eye care benefits through instructing, preparing, l imit building, promotion, research, and the board consultancy. It offers college partnered long haul courses in Eye Care Management, with eye care the executives programs for chiefs of eye clinics, program administrators, just as a few ability advancement courses in the zones of instrument upkeep, network utreach and social promoting, guiding in India, Africa, and South East Asia. LAICO achieves this goal inside the more extensive condition of Aravind Eye Hospitals and Aravind Medical Research Foundation †all parts of AECS. Headquartered at Madurai, India, AECS is the world’s biggest eye care specialist organization, which performs 300,000 medical procedures for every year. Aravind Eye Care was established and coordinated by the amazing Padmashree Dr. G Venkataswamy known as Dr. V. Fig. 1: Inspiration and Inspirer www. csi-india. organization Fig. 2: LAICO’s worldwide reach Designated by the World Health Organization as a Collaborating Center for Counteraction of Blindness, Aravind is concentrated as a model in renowned business colleges around the globe, including Harvard, Stanford, Michigan, IMD-Lausanne, and the Indian Institutes of Management. At present, LAICO works with more than 270 medical clinics over the creating scene recreating Aravind model of great, minimal effort eye care administration conveyance. Followup examines have demonstrated that few of the projects presented to the Aravind model have multiplied (and at times even significantly increased) careful efficiency and therefore are currently ? nancially self-continuing. †¢ 270+ emergency clinics (and as yet developing) that are joining forces with Aravind? How would we make courses that spread the wide needs of our learners that incorporate paraprofessionals, ophthalmologists, eye care program chiefs, overseers, and others? How would we keep on enabling our all-ladies group of paraprofessionals who structure the spine (about 60%) of Aravind’s workforce? Since †¢ a large portion of them originate from unassuming, country foundation and are prepared as collaborators and medical caretakers, can this eLearning stage give them the open door for ceaseless preparing? By what means can eLearning work deliberately toward the strengthening of ladies and sex correspondence †a significant target inside the Millennium Development Goals? How would we order, total substance to make an intelligent Knowledge society The Challenge The genuine test for information society at that point is in making equivalent open door in offering the capacity to access, to make, to create, and to use the correct data at the opportune time in a practical way. This applies to general society (purchaser) just as the specialist co-op experts. For this situation study, we center around a conclusive activity with the target of giving quality preparing and the board abilities by means of the virtual vehicle for eye care, which is a significant zone of social human services. †¢ How would we train more than 10,000 lindness avoidance laborers around the world, after a seemingly endless amount of time after year, across Education FOSS ICT Aurosiksha AECS LAICO Education Management Fig. 3: The case for Aurosiksha C SI Communications | June 2012 | 13 ophthalmic innovation developing so rapidly, everybody perceives the significance of keeping our eye care the executives aptitudes and information up-todate for the bene? t of our patients. The eLearning arrangement will permit particularly the paramedics to get to consistent instructive open doors over the Internet and give an important discussion to our individuals/specialists to trade perspectives and tap into the mastery of their partners and individual olleagues around the globe. You read Exposition on Biography of Barak Obama in classification Article models † Aurosiksha has utilized ICT in a comprehensive manner. It is implied Fig. 4: Aurosiksha landing page and prologue to give a one-point Internet access to eye preparing system that does think about experts overall equity to the tremendous information and with the reason that ‘up to 80% of encounters that Aravind has the world’s visual impairment is avoidable†¦ ’ gathered over decades and offer it where ‘avoidable visual impairment is de? ned similarly as with the world so differen t visual impairment visual deficiency which could be either treated anticipation experts and social or forestalled by business visionaries may feel enlivened to nown, financially savvy make Aravinds somewhere else? means’ (VISION 2020 †¢ How would we make a reasonable way Action Plan 2006to offer this expanse of amassed 2010  © World Health encounters into significant substance Organization). gathered since 1976? The Solution †¢ How would we ingrain the Aravind model into our courseware? Particularly since Aurosiksha †the Aravind model should be ‘lived’ need of the occasions and ‘experienced’ as an expansive arrangement of LAICO came up estimations of administration, sympathy, and with Aurosiksha to confidence at its center, alongside upgrade the span and the board rules that distinguish nature of training uality care and effectiveness that drawn from the rich Aravind represents? information base that These were maybe the expansive A ECS has gathered inquiries that LAICO posed to itself after it since 1976. In this age prepared and counseled 60 medical clinics in 29 of information society, [1] nations and 213 emergency clinics in India . its four basic just before the dispatch of attributes Aurosiksha, Mr. R D Thulasiraj, Executive digitization, Director (LAICO) stated, â€Å"I think this promptness, is a significant turn of events and virtualization, and underscores the AECS’s duty globalization †drive to persistently improve the scope of nowledge sharing. administrations we offer to eye care administration. With C SI Communications | June 2012 | 14 Aurosiksha was created and executed by the LAICO group with the assistance of instructional creators who joined the AECS as volunteers for the sole reason for building up its own online instructive program. Advancing long lasting learning The objective is to permit all clients to take profoundly captivating and intuitive units so as to find out about th e hypotheses, strategies, and handy parts of both clinical and nonclinical oversee

The Laptops in College Class Essay Topics Trap

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The History Of Art And Its Impact On Modern Art - 970 Words

â€Å"Painting today is pure intuition and luck and taking advantage of what happens when you splash the stuff down. â€Å"- Francis Bacon. However when I learnt more about history of art and the way each movement and happenings in the world inspired artist to make new works, I was able to see much more than just a canvas with random paints and sketches. The interesting part about this concept is that each piece of art could be interpreted in many different ways. In contemporary art there isn’t right and wrong, each of us view and find different meanings and connections with artworks. The beginning of 20th century was a time of drastic change. New developments were made in the arenas of the classical sciences, social science, psychology and philosophy - each challenging traditional thought. 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A Very Enjoyable Experience At Special Olympics - 882 Words

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Objectives of Reward System- Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write a report to provide advise the Company on the rewards system as a HR consultant it should adopt for ensuing that its Management team and Employees are adequately motivated by achieving proper rewards. Answer: Introduction The present report aims to provide suggestions to the Cheesy Pizza Company for developing its rewards system in order to enter the new markets. The Cheesy Pizza Company is planning to enter in the new markets of the Singapore and Hong Kong by opening ten outlets in each of the location. The main objective of this report is to provide advise the company on the rewards system as a HR consultant it should adopt for ensuing that its management team and employees are adequately motivated by achieving proper rewards. The development and implementation of a proper reward system is essential for an organization to motivate employees for achieving its long-term goals and objectives. The reward management system of an organization is concerned with the development of strategies and policies that aims at providing fair and equitable rewards to the employees as per their performance (Deeprose, 2006). In this context, this report presents an overview to senior management on the significance and i mportance of developing proper rewards system for enhancing employee commitment. The factors that should be considered by the company at the time of designing and implementing reward system are discussed in detail in this report. At last, the report recommends the company regarding the methods to be adopted for the successful implementation of the reward system. Overview to Senior Management on Reward Systems Objectives Significance of Designing Reward System Objectives of Reward System The reward system developed by the Cheesy Pizza Company should have the following objectives in order to develop a healthy workplace environment that will help in motivating employee morals for successful opening of its new outlets: Employee Retention and Satisfaction: The reward system of the company will have a direct impact on the attraction and retaining of employees. This is because greater the rewards that the employees are able to receive higher will be the employee retention and satisfaction (Shields et al., 2016). The Cheese Pizza Company is planning to open new outlets and thus need to hire and recruit talented employees for achieving its strategic goals and objectives. Thus, the company in order to attracts and retain talented and competent employees need to develop an efficient reward system in comparison to the competitors. Therefore, the Cheese Pizza Company should develop a reward system that is able to attract employees and reduce their turnover rate. Improving Employee Performance and Commitment: The reward system developed by the company should be directly linked to the employee performance. The rewards received by the employees should be in accordance with their value contributed to the company. This will help the company to enhance their organizational commitment level and thus they will work harder to achieve its strategic goals and objectives. The new rewards system developed by the company should be based on the principle of performance-outcome expectancy which states that individuals tend to act in certain manner for achieving some specific outcomes. The reward systems should be able to increase the employee commitment level so that they are able to perform their job roles and responsibilities effectively (Armstrong, 2010). Developing Positive Organizational Culture: The reward system should be able to develop a positive culture within the Cheese Pizza Company. The reward system has a direct impact on the motivation and satisfaction level of the employees that influence the development of an innovative, participative and competence based culture within the company. The employees will develop a sense of co-operation between themselves if they are equally rewarded for their personal efforts towards achievement of the companys goals and objectives. The employees should develop a belief that better efforts will help in the achievement of better outcomes. The reward system of the company should be able to provide encouragement to the staff members for achieving a determined target and motivating them to work in team for achieving the set goals and objectives (Golembiewski, 2000). Developing Skills and Competency in Employees: The reward system should be able to continuously provide encouragement to the employees for improving their skills and competencies. The reward system should provide higher benefits to the competent employees and adding more value to the company. As such, the employees will be motivated to improve their skill set and competency level by gaining proper training and development for improving their job performances. The reward systems should also provide extra benefits to the employees who have outstanding performances so that all employees undertake more initiatives for improving their skill level. The skills and competencies such as proper communication and customer service are more important to Cheese Pizza Company. Thus, the company should place in reward system in its new outlets that seek to provide extra benefits to the employees with good communication skills and customer service. This will motivate other employees of the company to attend relevant training courses for improving their required skill level (Shields et al., 2016). Reinforcing the Organizational Structure: The reward system of the company should be able to influence its organizational structure. The company should modify its organizational structure in accordance with its rewards system. The company in this context wants to promote its teamwork for successful opening of its new outlets and thus should adopt an equal pay structure. The company should develop a united structure to encourage teamwork by developing and implementing fair and equitable reward system (Erasmus and Schenk, 2008). Aligned With Strategic Goals And Objectives: The reward system of the company should be able to achieve its strategic goals and objectives. The strategic goals of the company includes successful establishments of its new outlets in the Hong Kong and Singapore locations and thus it is highly important that its reward system should be developed in accordance with this strategic goals. This is necessary to provide proper encouragement to the employees to meet their job expectations in a new business environment (Bratton and Gold, 2012). Importance of Paying Careful Attention to the Design of the Reward System The Cheese Pizza Company is required to pay proper attention towards the designing of the reward system for ensuring the development of a motivated and committed workforce diversity that helps it to achieve its strategic goals and objectives (Rees and Smith, 2014). The company needs to pay careful attention to the designing of its reward system due to following reasons: Cost Effective: The Company needs to ensure that its reward system is cost-effective. This is necessary because it is very costly for the company to maintain and develop a reward system as higher benefits provided to the employees tend to increase its operational cost of labor. As such, the Cheese Pizza Company is planning to open new outlets in new locations and thus should develop a reward system that is cost-effective. This is because the company needs adequate investment for conducting its business operations in new business environment of Hong Kong and Singapore. The reward system of the company should thus be based on rewarding all employees equally with no extra benefits offered to some specific employees (Bratton and Gold, 2012). Market Position: The reward system of the company should be successful in competitive business environment of Hong Kong and Singapore. The company thus should develop a reward system that aims to promote teamwork and thus can reduce the competition level. The employees will focus on achieving the benefit of the overall team in order to successfully carry out the business operations in the new competitive business environment. This will also reduce discrimination among the employees and thus they will equally contribute to the achievement of strategic goals of the company (Erasmus and Schenk, 2008). Future Oriented: The Company at the time of developing the reward system should also place emphasis that it should be flexible and adaptable to be modified as per the future needs and requirements. The company is presently operating in a new business environment and thus will aims to develop a cost-effective reward system. However, with its future growth and development, the company will modify its strategic goals and objectives and thus its reward system will also need modifications (Bratton and Gold, 2012). Alignment with Business strategy and Mission: The Company will establish its new strategic goals in the new environment of Hong Kong and Singapore that will define its mission statement. As such, it is required for the company to align its business strategy and mission statement with the reward system. The company at the time of developing its reward system should ensure that its reward system adequately meets it strategic goals and properties. This will help in ensuring that employees receives rewards and benefits as per the companys new budget for achieving a congruence between its income and expenditure level. The mismatch of companys strategies and reward system can negatively impact its growth by creating a budgetary deficit (Erasmus and Schenk, 2008). Fair and Equitable: The company needs to ensure at the time of designing its reward system that it should promote fairness and equality among the employees. The employees should believe that they are paid right and just as per their performance. This is necessary for overcoming the discrimination among the employees. The reward system should provide equal compensation to the employees based on their designation level. Thus, all employees of same designation should be rewarded equally with extra benefits linked to their performance. This is necessary to encourage teamwork and co-operation among the employees so that they remain integrated in achieving the new strategic goals and priorities of the company (Armstrong et al., 2010). Thus, for all the above mentioned reasons it is necessary for the company to pay attention at the time of developing its reward system so that the company is able to achieve sustainable growth in new business environment. The reward system should be cost-effective, aligned with business strategy and mission; future oriented, aligned with market position and should be fair and equitable. The presence of all these elements is necessary in the reward system of the company so that it can successfully carry out its operations in the new location of Hong Kong and Singapore. Comprehensive Overview of the Factors to be Considered for Designing and Implementing a Reward System for its new Locations Designing the Reward System The factors that need to be considered by the Cheesy Pizza Company at the time of designing a reward system are as followsMonetary Vs Non-Monetary Reward System: The Company needs to carefully evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of both monetary and non-monetary reward system before their adoption. Monetary reward system is money based system that includes benefits such as bonuses, stock options, profit-sharing to the employees as rewards for their high performance. On the other hand, non-monetary reward system includes providing new opportunity to the employees such as flexible work schedules, vacations and holidays. Thus, the company at the time of designing the reward system should integrate the characteristics of both the monetary and non-monetary reward system so that its reward system remains cost-effective and accordance with the goals and objectives. The company should provide monetary as well as non-monetary rewards to the employees for reducing its operational cost. The com pany should minimize its operational cost required in developing and maintaining reward system as it is entering in the new marketplace and thus requires huge expenditure for opening new outlets (Deeprose, 2006). Pay Structure: the Company at the time of designing the reward system also needs to consider the type of pay structure they will be offering to the employees. The pay structures determine the varying levels of pay for differing jobs within the company. The company needs to decide the type of pay structure they are offering to the employees. The single pay structure refers to the same compensation offered to the employees as single hourly pay rate or single weekly or monthly salary while double pay structure refers in which on group of employees receives lower compensation as compared to other employees. The company is recommended to adopt a single pay structure that provides equal benefits to all the employees for proving them equal motivation and avoiding any chance of discrimination among them (Armstrong et al., 2010). Base pay and Incentives offered: The Company also need to consider the base pay and incentive that they will be offering to the employees under the reward system. The pay structure of the employees includes there base pay and variable pay. Base pay refers to the guaranteed pay provided to the employees while variable pay refers to the benefit received by the employee based on their performance or organizational results. The Company should also decide the type of incentives offered to the employees in the reward system. The incentives types include team incentives or individual incentives based on the needs and requirements of the company. The team incentive refers to the bonus provided to the overall team based on their performance while individual incentives refers to the extra benefit provided to an individual employee linked to the performance. The Company is recommended to adopt group incentive plan in order to reward equally to all employees at similar designation level. This wi ll promote teamwork within the company necessary for achieving its strategic goals and objectives (Erasmus and Schenk, 2008). Extrinsic Vs Intrinsic: The extrinsic reward system refers to offering tangible rewards to the employees that is external to an individual while intrinsic refers to intangible rewards such as personal achievement, professional growth and accomplishment. The Company should decide the type of benefits that they will be offering to the employees at the time of designing its reward system. The company should provide both extrinsic as well as intrinsic benefits to the employees for meeting their varying personal needs and requirements (Kazmi, 2008). Position of the Company in the Labor Market: The Company also needs to consider where it needs to position itself in the labor market is. The position of the company depends on its financial state and external market environment. The Company needs to carefully evaluate its financial capabilities and the external environment situations at the time of designing its reward system. This is necessary so that the reward system of the company is able to attract and recruit the talent workforce (Rees and Smith, 2014). Implementation of the Reward System: The following factors need to be taken into account by the company at the time of implementing its reward system: Proper Communication to the Employees: The Company must ensure that its reward system is properly communicated to the employees. The employees at the time of joining the company need to be provided all the details regarding their pay structure and incentives. The company should communicate to all its present employees about the necessary changes it has made in the reward system for entering the new markets of Hong Kong and Singapore. This is necessary so that employees accept the new pay structure and strives their best for achieving its strategic goals and objectives (Grnig and Khn, 2009). Employee Training: The employee should be provided proper training so that they develop the required skills set and capabilities to carry out their job role effectively in the new operating business environment. The department managers should be properly trained so that they can properly explain the pay structure o the employees in new business environment. Obtain Trade Union Support: The Company before implementing the reward system should adequately achieve the support from the trade union so that new pay structure becomes acceptable to all the employees (Deeprose, 2006). Gaining Employee Feedback: The Company is also required to encourage employees for sharing their feedback about the new reward system. This will help the Company to understand the deficiencies in the new reward system and thus adopt the necessary changes so that it becomes acceptable to all the employees. The employee feedback is essential for empowering employees that helps in increasing their commitment level (Jex, and Britt, 2014). Conclusion Thus, it can be inferred d from the overall discussion held in the report that designing and implementation of proper reward system is essential for the Cheesy Pizza Company to attain success in the new business environment of Singapore and Hong Kong. The new reward system developed by the company should be equitable, cost-effective, aligned with business strategy and should be future oriented for developing a motivated workforce. The company at the time of designing the reward system need to consider the factors such as pay structure and types of rewards and incentives it should adopt for achieving its newly determined strategic goals and objectives. The successful implementation of the reward system requires proper support from the employees through adequately communicating them about the benefits of new reward system and resolving their concerns about the same References Armstrong, M. 2010. Armstrong's Handbook of Reward Management Practice: Improving Performance Through Reward. Kogan Page Publishers. Armstrong, M. et al. 2010. Evidence-Based Reward Management: Creating Measurable Business Impact from Your Pay and Reward Practices. Kogan Page Publishers. Bratton, J. and Gold, J. 2012. Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Deeprose, D. 2006. How to Recognize and Reward Employees: 150 Ways to Inspire Peak Performance. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Erasmus, B. and Schenk, H. 2008. South African Human Resource Management: Theory Practice. Juta and Company Ltd. Golembiewski, R. 2000. Handbook of Organizational Consultation, Second Editon. CRC Press. Grnig, R. and Khn. R. 2009. Successful Decision-making: A Systematic Approach to Complex Problems. Springer Science Business Media. Jex, S. and Britt, T. 2014. Organizational Psychology: A Scientist-Practitioner Approach. John Wiley Sons. Kazmi. 2008. Strategic Mgmt Bus Policy 3E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Rees, G. and Smith, P. 2014. Strategic Human Resource Management: An International Perspective. SAGE. Shields, J. et al. 2016. Managing Employee Performance and Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press.

Ocean Lab Report Sample

Ocean Lab Report Paper We went to Cortex Madder Salt Marsh, which is located 12 miles North of San Francisco, to examine how rising and falling of tide effect on water level in the marsh and channel. My hypothesis is tide and water level of marsh and channel has positive relationship. The rising tide may raise the water level of marsh and falling tide make water level of marsh decrease. Therefore, since our experiment was limited in few hours, the water level of marsh will be changed (up or down) in few centimeters. The location map M-1) and study area map (M-2) will be attached on next page. Methods To measure and compare the water level of marsh and channel, the class moved along the levy and placed meter sticks into marsh (B) and opposing channel (A). We had four locations for variable: The T (1), Caution Sign (2), Merits Bench (3), and the Point (4). Since the meter sticks were not exactly placed to set O as the begging of change, the 0 was adjusted depend on the location. The experiment location started with 1 to 4 and came back from 4 to 1. Therefore, each location as different elapsed time. For example, site 4 (The Point) has shortest time because we put meter sticks and took off without any moving location. Result Our data has two tables because it contains data from two classes. First data is from Wednesday 19th (T-1), which is our class and the other data is from Thursday class (T-2), 20th of July. The location and the experiment time period are same for both data tables. The Tables are attached on following page. The result of T-1 and T-2 is different. T-1 does not have any significant change in eater level the greatest change was -CM/h at AAA. We will write a custom essay sample on Ocean Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ocean Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ocean Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Half of locations do not have any change. On the other hand, only 1 location does not have change in the other groups table. Most of velocities from T-2 are negative. Therefore, the water level is decreasing. No matter the experiment time is almost same (None of data has difference more than 10 minute For example, in T-1, the time in for IA is 14:39 pm and in T-2, the time in for IA is 14:33 pm), the result from each table has large difference. I assume the difference cause by having different tide cycle on both days. Discussion To confirm my assumption, which is each day has different tide cycle, I compare our data to Cortex Madder tide table. On Wednesday 19th, Cortex Madder Creek has first low tide at 3:37 AM and second low tide at 2:57 pm. The first high tide was at 10:05 am and the next high tide was at 9:22 pm. The tidal coefficient was 67 (middle). The maximum high tide recorded in the tide tables for Cortex Madder Creek which is of 7. 2 Ft and a minimum height of -2. 0 Ft. Therefore, during experiment (2:39 pm first in and 4:01 pm last out), we had second low tide after e put meter stick on B but before AAA. Then, the graph shows that the tide started to rise slowly during rest of period. B (2:40 4:01 pm), AAA pm) and B(3:13-3:38 pm) have positive velocity responding to the tide table. On Thursday, 20th of June, the first low tide was at 4:28 am and the next low tide at 3:54 pm. The first high tide was at 11:12 am and the next high tide was at 10:10 pm. The tidal coefficient was 77 (high). The maximum high tide is of 7. 2 Ft and a minimum height of -2. 0 Ft. The fist time in of meter stick was 2:33 pm and the last mime out of meter stick was 3:57 pm on Thursday.

Free Essays on A Comparitive Analysis Of Rock Music Of The 60s.

James Moody is a world-renowned saxophone player. He has played with many famous musicians, such as: Dizzy Gillespie and Miles Davis. In this past concert he played with Tim Jenkins on piano, Dwayne Dolphin on bass, and Roger Humphries on drums. This jazz band was the best I have ever seen. James Moody had very good improvisational skills on the three saxophones and even on the flute. On January 19, 1943, the oil refinery seaport of Port Arthur, Texas won the heavenly birth of rock and roll's first female superstar. Janis Joplin, the first child that was born to the Joplin family in a city and not on a farm (Joplin 26). She was idolized by the public, but her life was bent on self-destruction behind all the glamour and curtains of fame and stardom. But there was more to Janis than just lyrics and good entertainment on stage. Janis was a bright, precocious child with a winning smile and a manner about her that charmed people (Joplin 28). She was a child who liked people and she got the same treatment in return. She showed great respect for older individuals and went out of her way to help others. Everyone seemed to love young Janis. Her sister Laura looked up to her very much. They shared a special bond that some young people today have never experienced. Even though there was a six year age difference, they always got along great. Janis displayed an independence t hat pleased her parents when it showed her creativity and originality. Mom was quick to follow up on an interest expressed by her children, especially if it was artistic in nature (Joplin 29,36). Jimi Hendrix: Rock 'n' Roll Legend The extraordinary performances, recording, and lyrics of James Marshall Hendrix have made him impossible to forget. This American rock guitarist made a legendary mark. Not only in the history of rock 'n' roll, but also on pop culture as a whole (Mitchel1 32). With unique techniques never seen before and blatant sex-related performances on stage,... Free Essays on A Comparitive Analysis Of Rock Music Of The 60s. Free Essays on A Comparitive Analysis Of Rock Music Of The 60s. James Moody is a world-renowned saxophone player. He has played with many famous musicians, such as: Dizzy Gillespie and Miles Davis. In this past concert he played with Tim Jenkins on piano, Dwayne Dolphin on bass, and Roger Humphries on drums. This jazz band was the best I have ever seen. James Moody had very good improvisational skills on the three saxophones and even on the flute. On January 19, 1943, the oil refinery seaport of Port Arthur, Texas won the heavenly birth of rock and roll's first female superstar. Janis Joplin, the first child that was born to the Joplin family in a city and not on a farm (Joplin 26). She was idolized by the public, but her life was bent on self-destruction behind all the glamour and curtains of fame and stardom. But there was more to Janis than just lyrics and good entertainment on stage. Janis was a bright, precocious child with a winning smile and a manner about her that charmed people (Joplin 28). She was a child who liked people and she got the same treatment in return. She showed great respect for older individuals and went out of her way to help others. Everyone seemed to love young Janis. Her sister Laura looked up to her very much. They shared a special bond that some young people today have never experienced. Even though there was a six year age difference, they always got along great. Janis displayed an independence t hat pleased her parents when it showed her creativity and originality. Mom was quick to follow up on an interest expressed by her children, especially if it was artistic in nature (Joplin 29,36). Jimi Hendrix: Rock 'n' Roll Legend The extraordinary performances, recording, and lyrics of James Marshall Hendrix have made him impossible to forget. This American rock guitarist made a legendary mark. Not only in the history of rock 'n' roll, but also on pop culture as a whole (Mitchel1 32). With unique techniques never seen before and blatant sex-related performances on stage,...

What is the Height of Human Happiness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What is the Height of Human Happiness - Essay Example To do this, I had to ensure I had a strong concept of what both Aristotle and Augustine were saying and identify those ideas that caused me to react in some way, whether because I strongly agreed or strongly disagreed with what was being said. In the end, the words of these philosophers helped me better identify my own thoughts. Aristotle’s Parts of Animals chapter 5 identifies happiness as one of those â€Å"ungenerated, imperishable and eternal† things that are â€Å"excellent beyond compare and divine, but less accessible to knowledge† (656). Since it’s easier for us to understand the material things that are around us, most of us choose to remain focused on this lower level of thought most of the time. However, when contemplating nature, Aristotle says, we can often come across something that will inspire us to think into the upper plain. â€Å"For if some have no graces to charm the sense, yet even these, by disclosing to intellectual perception the artistic spirit that designed them, give immense pleasure to all who can trace links of causation, and are inclined to philosophy (656-657). These thoughts are what will bring us the highest form of happiness because they bring us into a closer comprehension of the creator just like studying the particular strokes and quirks of t he artist will often reveal much about the personality who created the painting. If we can attain the greatest happiness through this understanding or perception of the divine within the natural, then it follows that â€Å"we should venture on the study of every kind of animal without distaste; for each and all will reveal

Fashion goes round in circles Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fashion goes round in circles - Research Paper Example The essay "Fashion goes round in circles" concerns the fashion designs. The notion thus results in the repetition of previous fashions but with new improvements. The repetitive nature of fashion arises from the fact that the practice is an art and therefore relies on the moral demands of the society as explained in the essay below. Fashion design demands both originality and uniqueness in the works of the designers. The originality and the uniqueness of designer are limited to the prevailing social and cultural features. Such influence the tastes and preferences of people thus determining their selection of a fashion design to consume. Despite being cultural products, fashion design is a multi-billion dollar company in the contemporary society employing millions of people globally. The designers demand profitability and the longevity of their product line. Fashion designers thus carry out extensive market researches with the view of determining the prevailing social and cultural fact ors that may influence the preference of the consumers to a particular design. Designers thus limit their creativity to the demands of the society, which often make up their target market. The consumption of fashion design products relies on decency and aesthetic appeal. In the selection of clothes for example, most people prefer clothes that do not only cover their nakedness but also flatter their bodies thus complementing their looks and body shapes. The works of the designers thus remains limited to the decency.... Culture and religion are two main social factors that influence both the consumption of fashion design products and their production in equal measure owing to the fact that the two have a close relation. The above among many other operational factors influence the production of fashion design products. The profession restricts productivity since it relies on the prevailing social and cultural features. These validate the claim that fashion design products go round in circles with the designers often recycling their previous works. Additional factors that contribute to the emergence of the trend include both consumption and production of the fashion design products. After determining a design that covers the essential parts of a human body or a design that exhibits a specific quality, the designers use the sale of such products to determine the success of the brand. They therefore center their subsequent designs on a successful previous design. This way, the works do cease to exhibit any originality since the products are all related. Blouses and shirts have retained a particular design over the years with most designers often changing either the shape of the neck or other negligible features of the clothes. Such designers as Mark Spencer and Sir Henry enjoy a global market in the design and production of shirts. However, the two product lines do not exhibit any difference in their products. The differences often arise from the raw materials they use and the company logo (Hollander 121). Shirts have a specific shape and neither company can manipulate this in order to develop a new unique product. Such fundamental factors of fashion design thus limit both designers and

Community College Essay Example for Free

Community College Essay After graduating high school a lot of people do not know what their next step in life will be. Some struggle between deciding to go straight into the workforce, joining the military, or continuing their education by going to college. The average person chooses college as their next step. A common issue about going to college is whether to go to a two-year college/community college or straight into a four-year university. I think community college is the smarter and better choice. People fail to realize that going to community college helps you save thousands of dollars. Not only that, but students with undecided majors better find their way while saving money at community colleges. They are very flexible and can provide students with a better transition from high school while benefiting from their smaller class sizes and campuses. As we all know, community college is cheaper to attend than a four-year university. Four-year universities cost thousands of dollars while attending a community college would cost less than half of that. For instance, the average cost of attendance at Northern Virginia Community College (NOVA) is roughly 5,000 dollars per year for a freshman, compared to the cost of attendance at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) which is about 25,000 dollars a year for freshmen. The cost of attending VCU is fives times as much as attending NOVA where in retrospect the same material is being covered. To break it down, tuition and fees at VCU amount to about 12,000 dollars. One credit costs about 300 dollars while at NOVA a credit costs 150 dollars. Room and board would be 9,000 dollars at VCU, while going to NOVA in most cases you would not have to pay to live at home if you are a freshman. Books would still be around the same price because books in college are expensive regardless. Other expenses would vary depending on what a student would need. Looking back on it the cost of going to a community college saves you a tremendous amount of money and would be worth it in the long run. Growing up people would talk about community college as if it were basically the thirteenth grade. In a sense would not that benefit a student more? Classes at four-year universities can sometimes be overwhelming, having hundreds of students in one lecture class. With classes getting hard from the transition of high school to college, would not a student want smaller class sizes? It only seems reasonable. By having smaller class sizes a student would naturally be able to learn better than in a class full of 300 people. Lecture classes can be long, tiring, and filled with millions of questions. In bigger classes some communication issues might occur and information might not always get to a student depending on their seating. Also the professors might not always get to a question that a student may have which can get very frustrating. Having smaller class sizes, everything is right there in front of a student. The professor is there for easier access to questions, class discussions would be more beneficial and easier to get involved with, and a person would get to know their classmates more. Smaller class sizes would help students gain a better learning experience. Many people go into college undecided on what they want their major to be. Studies prove that 50% of students who declared their majors change them after their first year according to Dr. Firtz Grupe of mymajors. com. Some students even change their majors up to three times throughout college. Going to community college can help a student find out their major while saving money. When a student changes majors there are always some complications. Some classes that were needed for their previous major have nothing to do with the current major that they just switched to. The money that was paid for those credits is, for the most part, wasted. That can be very taxing on a student’s financial income. If these problems occurred to a student who was attending a four-year college they would have wasted thousands of dollars compared to if a student changed majors at a community college. Even though money is lost in both cases, the amount of money lost at a community college is far more manageable than losing thousands of dollars at a four-year college. Think about it this way, would you rather lose 100 dollars or 10,000? Community college is a great way for students with undecided majors to discover what they want to do while not losing as much money and time. Classes at community colleges are very flexible and can help students manage their classes around other things. People who attend community colleges sometimes seek jobs while in school. One thing that could be very frustrating for a student would be having class at a time that conflicts with a work schedule. That could be a problem if a student at a four-year university had a job because not as much night classes are offered at four-year colleges. Community colleges have better options in that case. A student working a regular 9-5 schedule would find problems trying to go to school after work. At community college classes could easily be taken after work with more night classes being offered at a community college. Students can go to work then school or vice versa, go to school in the morning then work some time after without any hardships. Having flexible classes are always a benefit because they provide more options and having options are always a good thing. Community colleges provide an easier transition from the laid back high school environment to the stressful college life. As Liz Addison says, it helps students begin. High school classes are easier compared to classes in college. Grading wise and tests, quizzes, etc. Community college can help ease a student into the college atmosphere. That classes are not that much easier than that of a community college but not as hard either. It is a step up from high school in terms of difficulty and helps to better transition students into the university world. Less stress is involved and things are more manageable. Some people argue many things about community colleges. The main thing often associated with community college is commuting . People say that commuting to community college cost so much money in regards to gas. Community colleges are in your community and most of the times have ways to get you to and from school. They are called community colleges for a reason. All the money that a student would save from not going to a four-year college would cover the cost of gas easily. Also most community colleges have operating bus systems and car pooling is always an option. Another thing people try to argue about going to a community college is that a person will not gain a true college experience. Some people go through life and do not experience many things like never being on a plane, not having a dog, or even never going to a football game. That experience is not something that a student would need to have to become successful in life. The rewards of getting to where you want to be in life are far greater than not getting a full college experience. In the long run you will make up for the experiences you have missed by gaining better ones. Going to a two-year college first before transferring to a four-year university pays off in the long run. People either do not know the benefits or are two proud to attend a community college. Money is saved, the learning experience is better, the transition from high school is easier and community colleges help undeclared majors find their majors. Seems like the smart way to go.

Irish Migration to Quebec :: essays research papers fc

From the time that people began living in groups, people have migrated to suit their personal needs. For some, it was to escape difficult times or hardships faced by their ethnic group. Such is the case of the Irish who migrated to Quebec from 1815 to the Potato Famine of 1847. What causes and factors drove these people to cross an ocean and leave their homeland for the unknown prospects of Quebec? To examine and fully answer this question, one must look at the social, economic and religious conditions in Ireland at the time, as well as what drew the Irish to Quebec rather than somewhere else. To know why the Irish left Ireland, one must look at what was going on in Ireland from approximately 1815, a time before the famine began, to 1854 when the famine came to an end. Firstly, the Irish population had been steadily increasing from 2.8 million in 1712 until an estimated 8.5 million in 1841. This naturally led to harder times as families had more children to support. There also came a decline in agricultural prices, leading the average farmer’s income to decline as well. There was a legislation, as well, that was passed in 1816 and 1819 that decreased the cost of eviction, which led some of the landowners to evict their tenants to use the land for the purpose of grazing. This left those tenants without a place to live and a way to support themselves. As well, the Union with Great Britain in 1801, and the free trade that followed, ruined many of the forms of labour in Ireland at the time, including manufacturing and the products of artisans. This led many of the farmers and labourers to resort to begging, stealing and even starvation. This seemed to be enough of an incentive for people to start migrating overseas, and it is only common sense that those with the most money were able to leave first in 1815, these people mainly Protestant farmers. However, there was a reduction in fares in 1817 and that allowed some of the poorer classes, most usually were the Protestant counterparts, to finally migrate. During that period, many of the Irish immigrants came from the town of Ulster. This has been found to be due to the collapse of the linen industry there, which left the former employees unemployed. It seems apparent that in the decade prior to the Potato Famine, unemployment and a decline in the level of lifestyle were the major driving forces behind the first

How Dna Technology Are Used in Solving Crimes? Essay

â€Å"I am strongly optimistic that enhancing the generation and the use of DNA information and analyses will contribute greatly to the field of criminal investigation and in effect, downgrade with expediency the crime rate in the country,† Angara said. What are those for? DNA matching will become an ever more powerful weapon against crime. Law enforcement will increasingly be able to identify suspects from biological evidence at crime scenes, saving investigative time and protecting innocent people from suspicion. When DNA evidence is properly handled and stored, it is well accepted by courts, and used to convict the guilty and free the innocent. There were different ways in solving crimes and identifying the correct suspects. This includes estimating time of death, forensic entomology, DNA profiling, analyzing blood stains and doing some autopsy. (Nicholson, 2012) But, which of this ways is the most accurate and which can give an unbiased result? The past decade has seen great advances in a powerful criminal justice tool: deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. DNA can be used to clear suspects and absolve persons mistakenly accused or convicted of crimes. DNA can be used to recognize criminals with incredible accurateness when biological data exists. Therefore, DNA technology is increasingly vital to ensuring accuracy and fairness in the criminal justice system. DNA is generally used to solve crimes in one of two ways. In cases where a suspect is identified, a sample of that person’s DNA can be compared to evidence from the crime scene. The results of this comparison may help establish whether the suspect committed the crime. In cases where a suspect has not yet been identified, biological evidence from the crime scene can be analyzed and compared to offender profiles in DNA databases to help identify the perpetrator. Crime scene evidence can also be linked to other crime scenes through the use of DNA databases. (Osuna, 2011) A certain police process covers up to 14-15 days or too long in terms of solving violent crimes. Arizona Scientist early develop rapid DNA testing machine that could cut DNA sequences in two hours. And so, it is easy to see results. Other ways take a lot of time and potentially damage the specimen. DNA evidence is generally linked to DNA offender profiles through DNA databases. For example, assume that a man was convicted of sexual assault. At the time of his conviction, he was required to provide a sample of his DNA, and the resulting DNA profile was entered into a DNA database. Several years later, another sexual assault was committed. A Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner worked with the victim and was able to obtain biological evidence from the rape. This evidence was analyzed, the resulting profile was run against a DNA database, and a match was made to the man’s DNA profile. He was apprehended, tried, and sentenced for his second crime. In this hypothetical case, he was also prevented from committing other crimes during the period of his incarceration. The development of forensic DNA technology in other countries and its potential to improve the Philippine criminal justice system are briefly discussed. The utility of forensic DNA testing in criminal investigations was highlighted using an actual criminal case wherein DNA evidence played a clear role in the resolution of the case. It aims to eliminate the current backlog of unanalyzed DNA samples and biological evidence for the most serious violent offenses — rapes, murders, and kidnappings—and for convicted offender samples needing testing, protect the innocent, improve crime laboratories’ capacities to analyze DNA samples in a timely fashion, provide access to appropriate post conviction DNA testing of crime scene evidence not tested at the time of trial, ensure that DNA forensic technology is used to its full potential to solve missing persons cases and identify human remains and develop training and provide assistance about the collection and use of DNA evidence to a wide variety of criminal justice professionals. (Ridgeway, 2012) In all, the availability of forensic DNA technology in the Philippines necessitates the amendment of current rules of evidence to incorporate scientific advances which enables the judiciary to better appreciate the value of physical evidence in criminal court s. (De Ungria, 2003) Bibliography ARTICLES: Osuna, J.P (2011). Using DNA to solve crimes. Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/ag/dnapolicybook_solve_crimes.htm. Ridgeway, G. (2012). DNA Initiative: Advancing Criminal Justice Through DNA Technology. Retrieved from http://www.nij.gov/topics/forensics/evidence/dna/dna-initiative/welcome.htm. Nicholson, J. (2012). Crime Scene Science: The Modern Methods for Solving Crimes. Retrieved from http://visual.ly/crime-scene-science-modern-methods-solving-crimes. Balana, C. (2008). Angara bill to provide DNA technology in crime solving. Retrieved from http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20080816-155107/Angara-bill-to-provide-DNA-technology-in-crime-solving. JOURNALS: De Ungria, M.C. A. (2003). Forensic DNA Analysis in Criminal Investigations. Retrieved from http://philjournalsci.dost.gov.ph/vol132no1/pdf/forensic%20DNA%20analysis.pdf

A Timeline History of Mathematics

Mathematics is the science of numbers. To  be precise, the Merriam-Webster dictionary defines mathematics as: The science of numbers and their operations, interrelations, combinations, generalizations, abstractions and of space configurations and their structure, measurement, transformations  and generalizations. There  are several different branches of mathematical science, which include algebra, geometry and calculus. Mathematics is not an invention. Discoveries and laws of science are not considered inventions since inventions are material things and processes. However, there is a history of mathematics, a relationship between mathematics and inventions  and mathematical instruments themselves are considered inventions. According to  the book Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times, mathematics as an organized science did not exist until the classical Greek period from 600 to 300 B.C. There were, however, prior civilizations in which the beginnings or rudiments of mathematics were formed. For example, when civilization began to trade, a need to count was created. When humans traded goods, they needed a way to count the goods and to calculate the cost of those goods. The very first device for counting numbers was, of course, the human hand and fingers represented quantities. And to count beyond ten fingers, mankind used natural markers, rocks or shells. From that point, tools such as counting boards and the abacus were invented.   Heres a quick tally of important developments introduced throughout the ages, beginning from A to Z.   Abacus One of the first tools for counting invented, the abacus was invented around 1200 B.C. in China and was used in many ancient civilizations, including Persia and Egypt. Accounting The innovative Italians of the Renaissance (14th  through 16th century) are widely acknowledged to be the fathers of modern accounting. Algebra The first treatise on algebra was written by Diophantus of Alexandria in the 3rd century B.C. Algebra comes from the Arabic word al-jabr, an ancient medical term meaning the reunion of broken parts. Al-Khawarizmi is another early algebra scholar and was the first to teach the formal discipline. Archimedes Archimedes was a mathematician and inventor from ancient Greece  best known for his discovery of the relationship between the surface and volume of a sphere and its circumscribing cylinder for his formulation of a hydrostatic principle (Archimedes principle) and for inventing the Archimedes screw (a device for raising water). Differential Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) was a German philosopher, mathematician and logician who is probably most well known for having invented differential and integral calculus. He did this independently of Sir Isaac Newton. Graph A graph is a pictorial representation of statistical data or of a functional relationship between variables. William Playfair (1759-1823) is generally viewed as the inventor of most graphical forms used to display data, including line plots, the bar chart, and the pie chart. Math Symbol In 1557, the sign was first used by Robert Record. In 1631, came the    sign. Pythagoreanism Pythagoreanism is a school of philosophy and a religious brotherhood believed to have been founded by Pythagoras of Samos, who settled in Croton in southern Italy about 525 B.C. The group had a profound effect on the development of mathematics. Protractor The simple protractor is an ancient device.  As an instrument used to construct and measure plane angles, the simple protractor looks like a semicircular disk marked with degrees, beginning with 0 º to 180 º. The first complex protractor was created for plotting the position of a boat on navigational charts. Called a three-arm protractor or station pointer, it was invented in 1801 by Joseph Huddart, a U.S. naval captain. The center  arm is fixed, while the outer two are rotatable and capable of being set at any angle relative to the center one. Slide Rulers Circular and rectangular slide rules, an instrument used for mathematical calculations, were both invented by mathematician William Oughtred. Zero Zero was invented by the Hindu mathematicians Aryabhata and Varamihara in India around or shortly after the year 520 A.D.